October 04, 2026
42 min read
A .ca domain needs a Canadian owner, but nothing requires its website, mail or DNS to be Canadian. We measured all three for 1.86 million live .ca websites, followed hosting from 2023 to 2026, ran about 6,800 traceroutes from Canadian vantage points, timed the front doors of the largest operators from Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, sampled .ca registrars and checked 989 government websites. Only 6.5% of .ca websites keep web, mail and DNS with Canadian operators and the website in Canada; 54.6% run all three on US-headquartered operators, more than Mexico, Australia or the UK. Physically, much of the .ca web answers from inside Canada; legally, four in five .ca websites have at least one layer run by a US company or hosted in the US. The 2025 tariff shock was followed by a small relative gain for Canadian hosting and no homecoming. For policymakers, registries, hosting providers and anyone running a Canadian domain.
October 03, 2026
36 min read
How much of each country's own namespace is hosted at home, mailed by a domestic operator and served by a domestic DNS provider? We measured all three layers for 78 national country-code TLDs plus .eu: 29 hosting crawls from April 2023 to September 2026, and 12 MX and 10 NS crawls from April 2025. Domestic hosting is not losing to foreign data centres but to the edge: the median share of a country's websites behind anycast front doors doubled from 11% to 23%, almost all of them run by US companies, while the home share of located websites barely moved. With US-headquartered operators gaining mail share in 76 countries and DNS share in 74, the index — a descriptive composite of domestic control, not a measure of sovereignty or resilience — fell in 70 of 78 countries in seventeen months, from a median of 42.1 to 38.1. Iran, the United States, Japan and Germany keep most of their namespaces at home; among the 30 largest, Mexico, Canada and India keep the least. For policymakers working on digital sovereignty, registries, hosting and DNS operators, and Internet measurement researchers.
June 24, 2026
15 min read
A follow-up to our .ai gold-rush analysis. We measured what a million .ai domains actually do — using our June 2026 typed-DNS crawl of 1,013,951 registrable roots across A, MX, NS, and TXT records. 94.3% resolve, but only 48.5% show any real-use signal and 20.4% carry a SaaS verification token; meanwhile ~9% sit on for-sale nameservers, startup adoption keeps climbing (YC cohorts ~23%→32%), and .ai is measurably one of the cleanest fast-growing TLDs for abuse.
June 22, 2026
20 min read
India has 954 million internet users and the world's second-highest IPv6 capability — 78% of its users can reach the modern Internet, and Reliance Jio's all-IP network runs at ~95%. We then crawled its national namespace: 20.2 million .in hostnames, 10.2 million resolving across forward-DNS, MX, AAAA, NS, DMARC and IP-to-ASN data. The content layer tells the opposite story. Only 20% of .in domains are hosted on Indian soil — the United States alone hosts twice as much; only 20% offer IPv6 despite the world-class access network; Amazon AWS is the single largest operator of the Indian web. India consumes the Internet on world-class rails and publishes it on borrowed ground.
May 07, 2026
34 min read
We analyzed 29.3 million .pl hostnames in our June 2026 snapshot against NASK's 2.61 million registered domains to find that Poland's namespace is dominated by ISP reverse-DNS infrastructure to a degree few European ccTLDs match: Orange Polska's three reverse-DNS zones alone account for 16.0 percent of every observable .pl hostname, and twenty-eight operators together generate over ten million entries — roughly a third of the namespace. Alongside the infrastructure layer sit Polish shared-hosting platforms (home.pl, nazwa.pl, kylos.pl) and a frozen ecosystem of mid-2000s Polish-language platforms — pinger.pl, digart.pl, fora.pl, republika.pl — that still resolve in 2026, plus a regional architecture of twenty-three city and voivodeship second-level domains that NASK launched in the 1990s and that, three decades on, account for under 1.5 percent of the namespace. Refreshed June 2026 with first-party DNS-resolution data.
April 29, 2026
30 min read
We analyzed 20.37 million .fr hostnames against AFNIC's registry data to find that France engineered the most architecturally elaborate national namespace in Europe — nine identity-verified professional TLDs, four regional culture TLDs, six government and sectoral zones — and the verified-profession TLDs collectively generate fewer hostnames than a single small association. Sixty percent of all .fr apexes resolve to exactly one hostname.
April 28, 2026
23 min read
We analyzed 10.15 million .es hostnames and cross-referenced Red.es registry data to find that one ISP holds 21% of Spain's namespace, the .nom.es personal domain has effectively never existed online, and Spain's national identity is split across four parallel TLDs — one of which got raided by the Civil Guard in 2017.
April 06, 2026
26 min read
We used LLMSE to classify the language of 1.74 million websites across 54 country-code TLDs and cross-referenced findings with the DomainsProject dataset. 64% are in English — but the number masks five distinct mechanisms driving English prevalence, from colonial inheritance (.in at 95.9%) to outright resistance (.jp at 7.0%). The internet's default language is not a choice most countries made. It is a condition most countries inherited, adopted for commerce, or actively fight.
April 02, 2026
27 min read
We analyzed 13.2 million .io records across 1.59 million unique domains and found a TLD split in two: 6,144 platform domains host 50% of all records, while 335,802 exist as single entries. The tech industry built its infrastructure on a country code belonging to a territory with no civilian population — and the UK's treaty to hand sovereignty to Mauritius puts that infrastructure on a clock no one in Silicon Valley is watching.
March 27, 2026
22 min read
North Korea's .kp holds 329 observed hostnames. Eritrea's .er holds 384. Vatican City's .va holds 1,862. Germany's .de holds 117.7 million. We profiled the smallest national namespaces in our dataset and the impossibly large ones, then ran a DNS-resolution pass — and found that several of the 'biggest' tiny-country ccTLDs barely resolve at all. The ratio between the largest and smallest functional national namespaces is roughly 357,000 to 1. Refreshed June 2026 with first-party A-record data.