Spain's .es: 2.1 Million Registrations, 10 Million Hostnames, and the Plurinational Internet Behind a State-Owned ccTLD
We analyzed 10.15 million .es hostnames and cross-referenced Red.es registry data to find that one ISP holds 21% of Spain's namespace, the .nom.es personal domain has effectively never existed online, and Spain's national identity is split across four parallel TLDs — one of which got raided by the Civil Guard in 2017.